Genre Analysis Jenny Mollen - 1156 Words

IRichard Her 9/19/17 English 109W Final Draft Genre Analysis Jenny Mollen, an American actress and New York best selling author, once said, â€Å"I think the power of persuasion would be the greatest superpower of all time† (â€Å"Jenny Mollen Quotes†, n.d.). In other words, if you are able to persuade someone, you can basically get anything you want. Today, many expert writers utilizes genre conventions to state their purpose and to persuade their audience. First of all, what is a genre convention? Genre convention is defined as a communication or a connection for writers and readers through the structure, reference, or language of an essay. For example, if a famous science author wrote a scientific journal article, then the†¦show more content†¦In the article, the most repetitive word that was used was biotechnology. When the word â€Å"biotechnology† appears, the author usually describes the negative or positive effects of it. An example is when the author stated, â€Å"Biotechnology cannot provide secure foo d and reduce poverty during the development world.(Lesik,2017)† Therefore, this will inform and make the reader understand that biotechnology is being discussed in the paragraph. Another language that the author used was their â€Å"point of view†. The author used the third person point of view to provide evidence for his article. By using the third person point of view, it made his article sound more effective and scholarly, because he does not use the words, â€Å"I† or â€Å"we†. The second genre convention that the author used was structure. For a scientific journal article, the structure usually contains different sections such as an introduction, material/methods, data, results, and a conclusion. The purpose of having this structure is to organize the information, and to make it easier to identify for readers. In my article, the article has the same structure, but it does not have the same sections that were listed above. Instead, it have sections such as a problem setting, research objective, key search finding, and a conclusion.The problem setting section provided a brief introduction of the problem regarding to genetically modified organisms. For that section, it is stated that genetically modified organisms

Presentation and Store Design Category Free Essays

About Sephora Sephora is the leading chain of perfume and cosmetic stores in France and the second in Europe. There are over 1,600 Sephora stores in 27 countries, and over 340 of those have opened in North America since the first US store opened in 1998 in New York. Sephora is the originator of the open-sell prestige cosmetics model, which affords clients the ability to test and access any product in the assortment. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation and Store Design Category or any similar topic only for you Order Now Across the categories of Makeup, Fragrance and Skincare, brands are presented within a unified Sephora-driven presentation format to enable cross shopping, and clients are encouraged to touch and test all products. That point of differentiation is an essential part of our retail proposition and brand essence, and has proven effective in enabling clients to explore the complete range of brand offerings by category. In complement to this interactive and unified presentation of each brand in Sephora’s product mix, clients are guided through each world’s products with anchor presentations. These presentations highlight trends, explain how to combine products to customize a makeup look or skincare regimen, and bridge into potential service consultations or class registrations with our cast of experts. While much success has come from the breadth of products offered to clients, we have also discovered that the candy-store effect can be overwhelming. Clients love the access and choice, but frequently crave guidance to hone their selections. So balancing bounty with points of access is key to navigating our stores and assortments. Sephora aims to serve as a beauty editor, offering a vast array of products, but providing a curated point of view that helps each client delve into the selection best suited for her. THE STORE DESIGN CHALLENGE Sephora has a strong market presence in Makeup, Skincare and Fragrance, but is most known in North America for its Color (the internal term for the Makeup category) shopping experience. This model defines the brand and the remainder of the store’s format. The unbridled product access, the ability to trial any product in the store, and the sense of fun and interaction remain popular and engaging for our clients. But Sephora is interested in exploring how its Color experience might evolve to better evoke trends, more deeply engage clients in meaningful product exploration, and offer a less static feel from one client’s visit to her next. This challenge is to rethink the store’s formula for Color, preserving the defining and differentiating aspects of the opensell cosmetics model, but updating its look, feel and client experience. Students are to identify what they think is essential from the current in-store model, articulate the opportunities for evolution based on the added advantage created in the client’s shopping experience and engagement with the brand, and then propose a holistic concept presenting the evolution of the total Makeup department. The updated look, feel and client experience should allow implementation across the range of existing stores. Store sizes overall range from 3,800 to 6,000 square feet on average, with Color comprising approximately half the store. Entries should include a suite of core fixtures and features, complemented by interchangeable elements, with the demonstrable ability to reconfigure into a variety of spatial conditions. The fixturing suite should be unified in language, but may articulate through a range of elements and presentation methods. Modularity is essential, as is solving for the challenges of presenting small-scaled products in an organized and inviting way. The See-Try-Buy model at the heart of the Sephora store concept must be inherent in all presentation solutions. Sephora will supply the approved corporate logo, as well as its brand mark and red Pantone match, The Flame. The Sephora name is derived from the fusion of the Greek god Sappho with the biblical figure Zipporah, and the Flame is the representation of her enduring spirit. Along with the word mark and Flame, Sephora’s black and white stripes are a globally iconic branding element, used with purpose as part of the storefront architecture. Derivations and references to these brand codes may be considered in the design of the fixturing programs, but should be treated with a level of sophistication. Sephora stores are black and white, with judicial use of red accents. Color may be introduced through graphics or visual merchandising, but all store fixture elements must adhere to this branded color palette. Complementary metal finishes are permitted, as are variations in the materiality and proportional relationship of the brand colors. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS †¢ The current fixture program is composed of two core fixtures. A â€Å"linear† – the store’s base wall unit – and a gondola – the makeup category’s base floor unit. Sephora creates these base modules, and then ndividual brands work with Sephora to customize the tray components to each season’s assortments and stories. These trays are updatable and interchangeable to any position within the linear and gondola system; this function must be preserved in the design concept. †¢ Limitations of the current fixture program include a lack of flexibility to create more varied spatial configurations and presentations, a static graphic communication system, and an overall feeling of being fixture-heavy and cumbersome. Fixtures should focus more on the product and storytelling. Objectives within each of the brand’s feature presentations include: focus and articulation of current trends and the latest product innovations; clear secondary presentations of core product groupings such as eye shadows, foundations, and lip products; a forward presentation of each product available for the client to test, backed by packaged and accessible selling stock; and additional back-stock storage in each unit. †¢ The newly proposed core fixture solution needs to provide for a base system that preserves an underlying framework to each brand’s presentation while evolving how the brands can express their trend and product stories. The overall department is punctuated by highlight areas. Here Sephora presents a curated assortment of the best of a product segment, such as mascaras, or highlights a larger trend, such as nail art. Design proposals are to reconsider how trend and highlight areas function and are integrated into the â€Å"brand library† of the overall department. These areas should be flexible for frequent updating, encourage play and trial as well as shopping and learning, and be designed to enable varied configurations over time. †¢ The total store is anchored by the â€Å"Beauty Studio,† the destination for clients to receive cast-assisted consultations. Design proposals should thoughtfully integrate the experience of experimentation and trial throughout the revamped Color experience. Clients should always feel exposed to looks, trends and product innovations, with the ability to try the products individually, in groups or with cast assistance. †¢ Sephora’s virtual presence has grown. It is the leading online beauty retailer, with a loyal following across all forms of social media. The virtual experience with the brand affects the in-store shopping experience, so students should consider digital integration across the Color experience. The area should range from 1,600 to 2,500 square feet, comprising a mixture of wall and floor fixtures. PRESENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND FORMAT †¢ Each entry should be submitted in an 8-1/2 x 14 bound booklet, not to exceed 12 pages. †¢ The design may be hand-drawn, rendered, photographic, and/or computer-generated. †¢ Students also must submit a copy of their design in PDF form at entry on a CD. A PDF version of the booklet is also required. †¢ The submission should address the general requirements above at a scale and composition determined by the student. A written concept statement limited to two paragraphs must highlight the unique fixture design, the rationale for design decisions, material selections, and the demographic for whom the design was made. GENERAL INFORMATION AND ENTRY REQUIREMENTS †¢ This competition is open to undergraduate college students only. †¢ Students may only enter ONE category; either the visual merchandising category or the store design category. †¢ The student’s name and school name is not to be visible anywhere on the presentation pages or cover. Each entry must include a printed entry form and disclaimer clipped to the back of the entry. †¢ Each entrant must complete and submit an online copy of the entry form as well. †¢ Students must also submit a copy of their entry on a CD or DVD in a PDF format with the entry. Please make sure to label the CD or DVD. †¢ Students are advised to keep a copy of their entries, as entries will not be returned. Entries must be received by 5:00 p. m. Pacific time on Tuesday, Oct. 29, 2013. Sephora PAVE Entries Attn: Paul Loux Hillary Washington 525 Market Street, 32nd Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 How to cite Presentation and Store Design Category, Papers

Professional Portfolio In Australia

Question: Discuss about the Professional Portfolio In Australia. Answer: Introduction In Australia, most of the hospital registered nurses are sourced majorly by the newly graduated nurses who have completed their Nursing degree. The retention and recruitment of newly registered nurses are therefore one of the most important considerations in the country care system (Cummins, Denney-Wilson, Homer, 2016). Newly registered nurses normally require a great support in their process of transition from students to professional nurses. This is in the alignment of the expectations of any newly registered nurse in Australia. Any newly graduate nurse will wish to be absorbed into the national graduate program which will provide him or her with first begin clinical practice (Cummins, Denney-Wilson, Homer, 2016). However, due to government financial problems and other challenges, most new graduate nurses end up failing to get a grad program and thus opt to work in other fields like aged care homes(Jacob, McKenna, DAmore, 2014). Those who get may have various challenges like working in states they did not prefer(Jacob, McKenna, DAmore, 2014). Some travel and find other nursing jobs oversea in other countries. This study seeks to demonstrate what literature say about current nursing jobs in New South Wales (NSW), how graduates can get into grad programs and other alternatives, what are the challenges for those who get grad programs in other states and the challenges faced by those who do not get grad programs. In addition, the study seeks to analyses negative and positive effects of working overseas for newly registered nurses, the impact of working in aged care homes other than in hospitals and how the lack of career opportunity affect nursing in Australia. Problems Facing Nursing Jobs in New South Wales The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) reported in 2014 that around 3000 nursing graduates usually misses jobs in each year. Due to that reason, ANMF pulled together some nursing and midwifery leaders plus the key stakeholders in nursing employment so as to try and solve the problems facing nursing employment and new graduates absorption in Australia(Jacob, McKenna, DAmore, 2014). In 2016, ANMF conducted a survey and find out that poor and low rate employment of nurses is due to various reasons which include global financial crisis, increase in immigration of labor force, high disconnections between the government and university and hospitals plus poor workforce and planning(Missen, McKenna, Beauchamp, 2016). The extent of the problem and how the reduction should be reduced was declared unknown since the government has failed to establish a clear method of employment of newly graduated nurses. As reported by Ms Buttler , the ANMF assistant general in 2015, there has been a failure in negotiations with the government and private employers who currently run graduate programs since they have failed to produce exact number of newly registered graduates they can take in each year , what is the main challenge and how it can be solved out(Missen, McKenna, Beauchamp, 2016). Up to date, there has been no national framework developed to handle how those graduates will be employed in any state in Australia. Due to those reasons many newly graduate nurses end up having challenges regarding employment or getting a grad program after graduation("Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work", 2017). In 2014 only there were approximately 15% of all midwifery and nursing graduates that were left unemployed. According to ANMF, about 60% of graduates in Tasmanian plus 72% in Queensland was left unemployed in 2013("Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work", 2017). Furthermore , About 400 graduates in Western Australia, 800 graduates in Vitoria and about 280 in South Australia were left without jobs by end of 2013. In addition, when the government budget is affected, the health industry is normally affected most. This usually results in fewer hospital beds allocation and thus fewer nurses are needed("Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work", 2017). For example, due to budget cuts in 2011, many hospitals have drastically reduced numbers of beds resulting to very few graduates getting the employment positions("Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work", 2017). Nursing Grad Programs The grad program in Australia is a yearly transition program where a nurse typically enters into the workforce. The transition program is important to newly registered nurses since it adds practical skills to nurses so that they can be competent enough to become professional nurses. Currently, there are high numbers of newly registered nurses in the country which have led to an increase competition to the already available placement(Cummins, Denney-Wilson, Homer, 2016). The major benefit of most of the transition programs is that they provide high chances of employment retention thus those who get such chances tend to have minimal stress in securing jobs(Ray, Zupper, Lincoln, Snyder, 2015). There are two major ways to find those graduate programs in Australia. First and most common is by online application service of which all newly graduate nurses apply through the gradconnect services. The other is by directly applying to a hospital that is not in the grad connect list since it does not mean they do not offer grad programs(Ray, Zupper, Lincoln, Snyder, 2015). The GradConnect consist of all hospitals and health care services participating in the grad program(Cummins, Denney-Wilson, Homer, 2016). For one to eligible to a graduate program, one must be in his final year of university completion or has all qualification of a newly registered nurse(Walker, Earl, Costa, Cuddihy, 2013). The following details are needed in the process of application; Copy of identification card, a photo of identification, evidence of residency in Australia, contact details, completed clinical reports, immunization reports, and referees. Graduates then are subjected to a face to face intervi ew where the following are checked; interests to patient care and welfare, ability to demonstrate learned skills into clinical practice, professionalism and ability to follow rules and ethics(Walker, Earl, Costa, Cuddihy, 2013). It is important to perform a good research to where a newly registered nurse wishes to have a grad program. Some hospital has a metro- rural exchange programs where one spend six months in the metro facility and six months in the rural facility. Others have specialty nursing exchange programs where a graduate will spend six months in general practice nursing and six months in mental or aged care setting. Registered nurses are expected to select four clinical areas in which they will major during the grad program. Unsuccessful applicants into the grad programs always have other alternatives where they can apply to other healthcare organizations such as private hospitals, aged care facilities as well as disability care facilities(Stanley, 2014). This is one of the most stress full situations for any newly graduated nurse as those other organizations do not have a promising job security as the grad programs(Stanley, 2014). In addition to that, there are few eligible private organizations and aged care facilities that can provide a newly graduate with the required experience, knowledge and skills for a better transition in a professional nurse. Aged care facilities have become one of the major areas where those who fail to get a grad program tend to practice (Walker, Paliadelis, 2016). This is due to the fact that there is an increasingly aging population in Australia thus new nursing opportunities are been generated day in day out (Walker, Paliadelis, 2016). Most of the aged care facilities give adequate support to newly graduated nurses including the debriefing sessions, ongoing education and adequate practice (Walker, Paliadelis, 2016). However, old care facilities have the monotonous practice where graduates normally spend their transition period dealing with aged patients only who are suffering from chronic diseases. In addition, the scope of practice is also wide with no specific allocations(Walker, Paliadelis, 2016). The other problem that may arise with grad program is when one is posted to a different state other than the current state. Moving to a different area normally is accompanied by problems with housing and neighborhoods ("Working Virtually", 2015). Different states have different environments which may predispose some graduates into diseases. Other than that, beginning a new socialization and adoption to new rules and policies is hectic and stressful. In addition, those nurses who get interstate grad programs are usually separated from their families thus reducing a family bond which is important in human beings ("Working Virtually", 2015). Working as Newly Registered Nurse The transition from newly registered nurses into professional nurses is a challenging process where in some cases about 50% of new graduates normally left their first position within the first year. Most of the phenomena in clinical settings are extremely shocking although they are also part of the transition (Osborne, 2014). The current nursing practices have demonstrated that there are a lot of challenges and frustrations to newly registered nurses working in hospital settings. In Australia, new graduates either in the grad programs or private sectors are expected to demonstrate evidence-based learning into practice (Osborne, 2014). Although the graduates have finished the minimum requirements and competencies to enter into practice, various studies suggest that new graduates normally lack enough judgment and clinical skills to provide competent and safe practice(Hamilton, 2013). In that case, newly registered nurses are normally under supervision. Practical educator nurses and more expert nurses with experience are the ones who offers support to newly graduate ("Careers Jobs", 2013). Graduates working in hospitals grad programs must understand the roles of professionalism and what they should do in the hospital and what they should not do as within their scope of practice(Hamilton, 2013). Newly registered nurses should have enough theoretical knowledge and be ready to demonstrate into practice showing high levels of interests and eagerness to learn from experienced nurses and other health care professionals ("Careers Jobs", 2013). In addition to that, new graduates should be able to understand that there are traumatic phenomena in the hospital and should learn on how to cope with them professionally. In addition, newly registered nurses have an obligation to practice within the standard of practice demonstrating clear communication and understanding of cli nical practice (Osborne, 2014). Working in Overseas Some of the qualified Australian nurses tend to look to career opportunities oversea to expand their clinical experience and to earn more. Unlike in Australia, some countries like in the Middle East countries which include the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia offers good tax-free income with furnished accommodation and subsidized airfare(Kishi, Inoue, Crookes, Shorten, 2014). Others countries like Sweden have high job absorption rate making nursing jobs in such countries convenient and less stressing. In the United Kingdom, agent nursing is common and most nurses have a variety of options making the health industry to be very marketable and flexible(Kishi, Inoue, Crookes, Shorten, 2014). Some of the benefits why nurses tend to work overseas include becoming experts in international nursing, earning more money while still seeing the world, enjoying a different type of working conditions and finally returning o fresh work opportunities. In addition, working in oversea as a young nurse normally propels your career faster as compared to working in Australia (Pickersgill, 2012). However, all oversea opportunities need thorough investigations before making any arrangement in traveling. Some of the midwifery conditions may include working with people suffering from HIV, poor working conditions and in areas with other highly infectious diseases (Pickersgill, 2012). In addition to that, various countries have different cultures and some like in the Middle East have strong Islamic laws that can make one not to enjoy most of his free will. In addition, when nurses leave for other career opportunities to other countries their jobs in Australia are terminated and can only come back to start a fresh (Osborne, 2014). Conclusion Nursing jobs in Australia are scarce and highly competitive. Due to that reason, each and every year hundreds of graduates are left unemployed. The grad program was established to allow nurses to practice in the transition period and at the same time securing a future place to work. However, getting a grad program in Australia is a problem since not all students are taken. Those who are taken can work interstate which is a problem due to many inconveniences. Those newly graduates nurses who do not get the grad programs tend to work in aged care facilities which normally provide less experience. Working as a newly graduate nurse is different since they are under supervision and are not expected to have wide knowledge in clinical decision making. Some nurses tend to work overseas due to the fact that there are numerous advantages like free tax income, availability of work and flexibility of jobs. References Careers Jobs. (2009).Nursing Standard,23(40), 62-63.dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.23.40.62.s58 Cummins, A., Denney-Wilson, E., Homer, C. (2016). The mentoring experiences of new graduate midwives working in midwifery continuity of care models in Australia.Nurse Education In Practice. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.01.003 Hamilton, H. (2013). New graduate identity: Discursive mismatch.Contemporary Nurse,20(1), 67-77..doi.org/10.5172/conu.20.1.67 Jacob, E., McKenna, L., DAmore, A. (2014). Senior nurse role expectations of graduate registered and enrolled nurses in Australia: Content analysis of open-ended survey questions.Contemporary Nurse,48(2), 212-218.doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2014.11081943 Kishi, Y., Inoue, K., Crookes, P., Shorten, A. (2014). A Model of Adaptation of Overseas Nurses.Journal Of Transcultural Nursing,25(2), 183-191.doi.org/10.1177/1043659613515716 Missen, K., McKenna, L., Beauchamp, A. (2016). Graduate Nurse Program Coordinators perspectives on graduate nurse programs in Victoria, Australia: A descriptive qualitative approach.Collegian,23(2), 201-208.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.03.004 Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work. (2017).ABC News. Retrieved, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-24/thousands-of-nursing-graduates-unable-to-find-work/5475320 Osborne, K. (2014). Lack of hospital handover is making our jobs harder, say district nurses.Nursing Standard,28(40), 9-9.doi.org/10.7748/ns.28.40.9.s7 Pickersgill, F. (2012). Opportunity awaits abroad.Nursing Standard,26(26), 62-63. .doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.02.26.26.62.p7705 Ray, N., Zupper, S., Lincoln, M., Snyder, J. (2015). Graduate Nurse to PACU Nurse Resident: Developing an In-Depth Orientation for the Graduate Nurse.Journal Of Perianesthesia Nursing,30(4), e29.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2015.05.079 Smith, C., Fisher, C., Mercer, A. (2011). Rediscovering nursing: A study of overseas nurses working in Western Australia.Nursing Health Sciences, no-no.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00613.x Stanley, D. (2014). Perceptions Of Clinical Leadership In An Aged Care Residential Facility In Perth, Western Australia.Health Care: Current Reviews,02(02).doi.org/10.4172/2375-4273.1000122 Walker, A., Earl, C., Costa, B., Cuddihy, L. (2013). Graduate nurses' transition and integration into the workplace: A qualitative comparison of graduate nurses' and Nurse Unit Managers' perspectives.Nurse Education Today,33(3), 291-296. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.06.005 Walker, H., Paliadelis, P. (2016). Older peoples experiences of living in a residential aged care facility in Australia.Australasian Journal On Ageing,35(3), E6-E10. .doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12325 Working Virtually. (2015).Clinical Nurse Specialist,29(2), 64-65.doi.org/10.1097/nur.0000000000000116

Space Cowboys free essay sample

This paper analyzes the movie Space Cowboys from the point of view of two theories semiotics and ideology. The movie Space Cowboys can be critically analysed by using both the theories of semiotics and that of ideology. Each of these theories allows us a different perspective on the movie. We will look at the movie from the perspectives of these two theories, firstly be defining the theory and secondly by applying it to the movie. In conclusion, it will be shown that the theory of ideology is not only relevant to the movie, but also reflects the very purpose of the movie. From the paper: Semiotics is defined as the study of signs. It focuses on the relationship between signifier, signified and sign. (Abercrombie 373) In Questions concerning faculties claimed for man, Peirce discusses signs. Peirce?s basic idea is that signs are the universal medium between human minds and the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Space Cowboys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A sign has the meaning that society gives it. This shared nature of signs means that they do not necessarily represent truth. The focus of analysis then should be on how the sign is interpreted, not on the truth behind it. It is the way it is interpreted that tells us something about society, rather than the sign telling us some universal truth. We can view semiotics then, as a critical tool that provides us with information about society.

The historical reign Essays

The historical reign Essays The historical reign Essay The historical reign Essay Moreover, Marlowe makes a step in the direction of the Shakespearian type of history plays, altogether remarkable for its economy and dramatic tension and skilful use of its source-for here he is handling social groups and is not concerned so much with one dominating individual. For example the first few scenes show clearly the contrast of society on which the play is based. In Act one, scene one the nobles enter in their formal attire to show their sense of importance and position in the social hierarchy of the time. Their clothing would distinctly contrast with that of Gaveston who is at a lower social class than them. This is typical of the society on which Marlowe wanted his play to structure upon. Everyone wanted a frivolous lifestyle and the higher they were on the social scale the easier this was to achieve. In Jarmans version of Edward II he shows the distinguishable classes of society. He has the nobles and Queen Isabel dressed in royal colours such as red and purple to reflect their important state whilst Gaveston wears a ripped black shirt and trousers, reflecting his unimportance in society. A particularly large range of characters, part of whose dramatic function is to display the rich variety of social classes whose lives are affected by Edwards behaviour and bad government, populates the geographical space. The middle classes appear in the persons of the Mayor of Bristol and Trussel, while the presence of Rhys ap Howell displays Wales as part of the realm. All levels of priests make an appearance, from the Bishop of Canterbury down to simple monks. Meanwhile, Edwards court contains gentleman, both upper such as Spencer and lower such as Baldock, civil officials and servants. Anonymous ordinary people have significant roles: the Three Poor Men and the Mower. In Act one, scene one, Marlowe includes three poor men to support Gavestons ambitious state, Gaveston speaks to them as if they were not worth anything: Why, there are hospitals for such as you; I have no war, and therefore, sir, be gone. The three characters represent the poor English peasantry part of the stations of English life at the time Marlowe was writing the play. They introduce the theme of class relations and of the duties one class of society owes to another, which reappears throughout the play. Numerous other unnamed figures such as guards and soldiers keep the structures of the world running, and we sense that we are seeing as complete a picture of society as possible. Marlowe selects, condenses and adapts history to produce his interpretation of Edward II. I believe he has shaped out of the chronicle history of a disagreeable reign a historical tragedy. The speed of Marlowes version makes Edwards fall seem inevitable, and runs rapidly over the more successful aspects of the historical reign. The balance of one character or motive with another is here essential, for this is his one play in which his purpose is to illuminate weakness, not strength. Weakness does not act but is acted upon, or if it acts its actions are frustrated and ineffective. We see in Act four, scene six Edward contemplating his fall from wealth and grandeur into his present condition: Whilom I was powerful and full of pomp; But what is he, whom rule and empery Have not in life or death made miserable. Edward therefore here achieves some tragic status as he realises he has fallen from a height, Marlowe is able to exhibit not only the central figure of Edward on whom the plays intention is chiefly expressed but also the agents of power and corruption who act upon this figure. Therefore on the most obvious level Edward II is a history play but it attains tragic status since it is concerned with the limits of suffering an individual can endure. Also, in Act four, scene five, we see the king and his party as they panic and flee. Edward is at first opposed to the dishonour of flight, claiming a sense of unified, permanent identity connected to his station in life: What was I born to fly and run away, And leave the Mortimers conquerors behind? Edward knows that if he leaves he has failed as a King but he is still easily persuaded by the nobles to leave. Edward is alienated from his kingly self as he makes the instant decision, of lowly flight across the changeable sea instead of honourable death on horseback on the battlefield. Edward therefore chooses without knowing it the ignominious course of events that will follow. Edward is seen as unnatural, because he does not follow the kind of kingship defined by the example of his dominant and successful father, Edward I. The sixteenth century read the word natural as a reference to heredity: behaving according to nature meant following ones parents example. It is within a structure supported by nature that feudal duty has its place. This is why the Lords can feel that they no longer owe Edward the duty of allegiance, once they see him as unnaturally neglecting them. This can be seen in Act 4, scene 5 as Mortimer Junior says: Madam, have done with care and sad complaint; Your King hath wronged your country and himself. Therefore Marlowe in using the twin concepts of what is natural and what is unnatural- recurring themes of the play allows us to understand the duties of a King at this time, which therefore makes Edwardss failure so much more apparent. One of Marlowes narrative techniques is to foreshadow events through curses or promises. For example Mortimers prophetic curse in Act four, scene five asking that Edwards voyage to Ireland should be turned back by storms, comes uncannily true: Some whirlwind fetch them back or sink them all! They shall be started thence, I doubt it not. This also serves the banal narrative function of preparing the audience to comprehend the situation when precisely this has happened in Act four, scene six. Curses that come true give a play a sense of inevitability, and in a way this is so, since the audience knows that certain historical events happened, and the play must work with those. Thus, the sense of premonition is entirely appropriate to a history play. Marlowe therefore uses a variety of fascinating techniques when presenting history in Edward II. Whether looked at as a history play with a political focus or a tragedy with a personal focus it is definitely an exhilarating, unique piece of work.

Navajo Code Talkers

Navajo Code Talkers In United States history, the story of Native Americans is predominantly tragic. Settlers took their land, misunderstood their customs, and killed them in the thousands. Then, during World War II, the U.S. government needed the Navajos help. And though they had suffered greatly from this same government, Navajos proudly answered the call to duty. Communication is essential during any war and World War II was no different. From battalion to battalion or ship to ship - everyone must stay in contact to know when and where to attack or when to fall back. If the enemy were to hear these tactical conversations, not only would the element of surprise be lost, but the enemy could also reposition and get the upper hand. Codes (encryptions) were essential to protect these conversations. Unfortunately, though codes were often used, they were also frequently broken. In 1942, a man named Philip Johnston thought of a code he thought unbreakable by the enemy. A code based on the Navajo language. Philip Johnstons Idea The son of a Protestant missionary, Philip Johnston spent much of his childhood on the Navajo reservation. He grew up with Navajo children, learning their language and their customs. As an adult, Johnston became an engineer for the city of Los Angeles but also spent a considerable amount of his time lecturing about the Navajos. Then one day, Johnston was reading the newspaper when he noticed a story about an armored division in Louisiana that was attempting to come up with a way to code military communications using Native American personnel. This story sparked an idea. The next day, Johnston headed to Camp Elliot (near San Diego) and presented his idea for a code to Lt. Col. James E. Jones, the Area Signal Officer. Lt. Col. Jones was skeptical. Previous attempts at similar codes failed because Native Americans had no words in their language for military terms. There was no need for Navajos to add a word in their language for tank or machine gun just as there is no reason in English to have different terms for your mothers brother and your fathers brother - as some languages do - theyre just both called uncle. And often, when new inventions are created, other languages just absorb the same word. For example, in German a radio is called Radio and a computer is Computer. Thus, Lt. Col. Jones was concerned that if they used any Native American languages as codes, the word for machine gun would become the English word machine gun - making the code easily decipherable. However, Johnston had another idea. Instead of adding the direct term machine gun to the Navajo language, they would designate a word or two already in the Navajo language for the military term. For example, the term for machine gun became rapid-fire gun, the term for battleship became whale, and the term for fighter plane became hummingbird. Lt. Col. Jones recommended a demonstration for Major General Clayton B. Vogel. The demonstration was a success and Major General Vogel sent a letter to the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps recommending that they enlist 200 Navajos for this assignment. In response to the request, they were only given permission to begin a pilot project with 30 Navajos. Getting the Program Started Recruiters visited the Navajo reservation and selected the first 30 code talkers (one dropped out, so 29 started the program). Many of these young Navajos had never been off the reservation, making their transition to military life even more difficult. Yet they persevered. They worked night and day helping to create the code and to learn it. Once the code was created, the Navajo recruits were tested and re-tested. There could be no mistakes in any of the translations. One mistranslated word could lead to the death of thousands. Once the first 29 were trained, two remained behind to become instructors for future Navajo code talkers and the other 27 were sent to Guadalcanal to be the first to use the new code in combat. Having not gotten to participate in the creation of the code because he was a civilian, Johnston volunteered to enlist if he could participate in the program. His offer was accepted and Johnston took over the training aspect of the program. The program proved successful and soon the U.S. Marine Corps authorized unlimited recruiting for the Navajo code talkers program. The entire Navajo nation consisted of 50,000 people and by the end of the war 420 Navajo men worked as code talkers. The Code The initial code consisted of translations for 211 English words most frequently used in military conversations. Included in the list were terms for officers, terms for airplanes, terms for months, and an extensive general vocabulary. Also included were Navajo equivalents for the English alphabet so that the code talkers could spell out names or specific places. However, cryptographer Captain Stilwell suggested that the code be expanded. While monitoring several transmissions, he noticed that since so many words had to be spelled out, the repetition of the Navajo equivalents for each letter could possibly offer the Japanese an opportunity to decipher the code. Upon Captain Silwells suggestion, an additional 200 words and additional Navajo equivalents for the 12 most often used letters (A, D, E, I, H, L, N, O, R, S, T, U) were added. The code, now complete, consisted of 411 terms. On the battlefield, the code was never written down, it was always spoken. In training, they had been repeatedly drilled with all 411 terms. The Navajo code talkers had to be able to send and receive the code as fast as possible. There was no time for hesitation. Trained and now fluent in the code, the Navajo code talkers were ready for battle. On the Battlefield Unfortunately, when the Navajo code was first introduced, military leaders in the field were skeptical. Many of the first recruits had to prove the codes worth. However, with just a few examples, most commanders were grateful for the speed and accuracy in which messages could be communicated. From 1942 until 1945, Navajo code talkers participated in numerous battles in the Pacific, including Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Peleliu, and Tarawa. They not only worked in communications but also as regular soldiers, facing the same horrors of war as other soldiers. However, Navajo code talkers met additional problems in the field. Too often, their own soldiers mistook them for Japanese soldiers. Many were nearly shot because of this. The danger and frequency of misidentification caused some commanders to order a bodyguard for each Navajo code talker. For three years, wherever the Marines landed, the Japanese got an earful of strange gurgling noises interspersed with other sounds resembling the call of a Tibetan monk and the sound of a hot water bottle being emptied.Huddled over their radio sets in bobbing assault barges, in foxholes on the beach, in slit trenches, deep in the jungle, the Navajo Marines transmitted and received messages, orders, vital information. The Japanese ground their teeth and committed hari-kari.* The Navajo code talkers played a large role in the Allied success in the Pacific. The Navajos had created a code the enemy was unable to decipher. * Excerpt from the September 18, 1945 issues of the San Diego Union as quoted in Doris A. Paul, The Navajo Code Talkers (Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing Co., 1973) 99. Bibliography Bixler, Margaret T. Winds of Freedom: The Story of the Navajo Code Talkers of World War II. Darien, CT: Two Bytes Publishing Company, 1992.Kawano, Kenji. Warriors: Navajo Code Talkers. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Publishing Company, 1990.Paul, Doris A. The Navajo Code Talkers. Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing Co., 1973.

Developing Career Prospects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developing Career Prospects - Assignment Example Additionally, through the Chapter on management process, roles, behavior and skills has made me to identify the skills that managers should have. These include personal, social, technical and political skills among others. Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) entails the process that people pass through as they perceive the world and make decision. The theory, which indicates the existence of two dichotomous pairs of cognitive functions, was of great assistance to me (Emmons, 1996). In terms of rational function, my thinking and feeling towards life challenges were positively enhanced. I felt that with determination and confidence I was able to handle any challenge that comes on my way. On its part, irrational function aroused my sensation and intuition towards my duties. As a student or an employee, one should be able to identify areas that they are effective as well as areas that they are weak. In this way, one is able to identify the areas that they need assistance. My competence in the area of business was based on the skills that I gained in the course of my school work as well as the assistance I received from the instructors. Through the skills, I was able to receive a positive outcome that included strong positive relationship with my customers (Schneider and Alderfer, 1973). However, my inability to balance intuition with rational judgment was a negative perception that affected my outcome. I address this by thinking strategically and go beyond the obvious, gathers complex data, to get to the heart of the issues One’s values are important since they are source of motivation and they greatly make one to be identified by the values. My main value is working hard. I like to achieve my goals through working hard, remaining confident and be focused at my goals (Ibarra, 2003). Additionally, I value learning how to master new tasks by adopting high self efficacy. In this way, I am in a position to educate others on various issues thus our

Education EEC403 - Designing Learning Assignment

Education EEC403 - Designing Learning - Assignment Example The traits of the students must be thought out and implemented into the design, even such things which are not obvious, like the usage of technology. As an online article pointed out, â€Å"If students carry laptops to class, does this affect how we equip the rooms,† (Oblinger, 1991). The inverse is true as well, when looking at how certain students act and their learning habits, one can look to the classrooms for indications of how they formed. If a student spends the majority of their time in a classroom where they are unable to concentrate or work, they may develop the habit of not doing work or not caring about the pursuit of knowledge. For this reason, classrooms are largely responsible for the actions of students. In modern society, technology is becoming integrated into nearly every aspect of life. Students, especially, use technology to complete schoolwork and to communicate with peers. Teachers must learn to integrate the devices students use to create an efficient le arning environment to which they are able to relate. By submitting to their needs, they are able to learn more and retain more.

Background to the drama Essay Example for Free

Background to the drama Essay A View from a Bridge is a play inspired by Millers own background, in terms of plot and context. Miller grew up in America and was the son of two immigrants. In the late 1940s he became interested in the work and lives of the communities and Longshoremen of New Yorks Brooklyn Harbour, a place where he had in fact previously worked. Many of the workers were exploited by their bosses, underpaid and had only recently immigrated to the United States. It was during this time that a young lawyer friend of Millers mentioned a story hed recently heard of a longshoreman who had ratted to the Immigration Bureau on two brothers, his own relatives, who were living illegally in his very own home, in order to break up an engagement between one of them and his niece. Miller took this story combined with his upbringing and experiences on a recent trip to Sicily and provided the background to the drama A View from a Bridge. The play takes place in Brooklyn around 1950s. Catherine is an orphan who lives with her aunt and uncle, Beatrice and Eddie Carbone. Eddie agrees to Beatrices two relatives, Marco and Rodolpho, both of whom are illegal immigrants. Eddie, the plays protagonist, has a very particular view of the qualities of a man. When other characters dont conform to these masculine expectations it leads to hostility and aggression resulting in death. Our first impression of Eddie is that of a simple, average man. He comes across as a hardworking, friendly, kind and generous husband and uncle: especially as he is prepared to accept and welcome his wife Beatrices illegal immigrant cousins into his own home. However Eddie has a very strong point of view of the qualities of manliness, believing that a real man should be strong, tough and mean. The appearance of a man should be with dark features and big size. He thinks that a real man should be like him, the breadwinner who works hard, doing work that uses muscle and not much brain: I worked like a dog. He perhaps also thinks that a man would always look at a pretty woman in a sexual way rather than just another person; this is shown when he says there are bad men at Catherines workplace. Another quality which Eddie considers to manly is power. Eddies views on manliness are also based around the ideas of protecting your family and loved ones, providing for your family and keeping your pride and dignity. Eddie tries his very best to keep to these things as he feels very strongly of being a man. He shows this by showing concern when Catherine buys a new skirt. He says, Where you going all dressed up? and, Its too short aint it? He is concerned because he doesnt want her attracting too much attention from other men, like when he says, I dont like the looks theyre giving you in the candy store. This overprotectiveness leads to conflict on a small scale between him and Catherine as she says Eddie, I wish there was one guy you couldnt tell me things about! This dialogue shows that Eddie has been overprotective before and Catherine has realized it. She does not say it seriously but rather, a joke; however she is actually trying to express that hes being too overprotective. This power that Eddie considers to be manly also creates many other incidents on small scales and Eddie starts to show open hostility towards the other characters. Firstly when Rodolfo, Marco and Eddie are talking about oranges and lemons Eddie becomes very hostile when Rodolfo corrects him, Lemons are green. Eddie lashes out at Rodolfo when he corrects him about the colour of the lemon and becomes slightly aggressive I know lemons are green for Christs sake. Eddie becomes hostile and aggressive because he believes knowledge and being right, amongst other things, is where the power lies. Miller uses this to show how something as insignificant as a lemon can create hostility and aggression all because of a manly characteristic of wanting power and respect. Another example of Eddies pettiness is during a conversation about Marcos family back home in Italy. Eddie tries to suggest an affair with Marcos wife but Rodolfo again corrects him saying its more strict in our town We are able to see how Eddie is becoming aggressive through Millers stage directions. Eddie goes from being hostile and sarcastic (laughing) to aggressive (rises, pacing up and down) as a direct reaction to the immigrants differing culture. The stage directions often say a lot more about the characters then the actual script itself and also greatly contribute to the heightening of tension throughout. Not only do they describe the positions of the characters on set; they help the audience to identify with their feelings. Miller begins a scene with a simple conversation about a recent trip to Africa which Marco and Rodolfo had undergone through work. However, tension is still created, regardless of the triviality of the conversational subject, by Eddie, who, from a simple glance at Catherine, appears to be sceptical about whether the trip took place They went to Africa once. On a fishing boat. (Eddie glances at her. ) Its true, Eddie. Eddie then retreats to his rocker, a prop which Miller makes significant throughout the play as it acts as Eddies position of authority, as his throne when in his rocker, he feels very much at the helm of the household and Miller uses this in order to show how Eddie feels he has power yet a rocker is slightly unsuitable as it does not assume a fixed position The conversation then continues further, though it is clear from Millers use of stage directions that Eddie is disregarding anything Rodolfo says to him, and talking to Marco exclusively, creating an uneasy atmosphere and increasing the tension further.

Deer Hunting is Necessary :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is a freezing twenty-two degrees outside. Even though it is still too dark to see, as you look over the hills, you see a breathtaking sunrise that will soon creep through the heavy fog. Every breath that you take is like smoke coming out of a dragon’s nostrils. As you are waiting patiently, still, and quietly, you finally see your kill, the white-tail deer. Without a doubt, the white-tail deer should be hunted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the population of the white-tail deer is entirely too big. In fact, there is a total of twenty-five million white-tail deer in the United States alone.1 Because of this enormous number of deer, they are constantly on the move. This means that they go straight to the roads. Ten thousand white-tail deer get hit by cars and die each year while they try to find new eating grounds.2 Not only is this wasting meat, but it causes severe damage to cars. Deer can even cause car accidents on the highway, killing humans as well. Also, deer are constantly getting pushed into the city because of little food due to the over-populated area of deer. Unfortunately, this causes a hassle in major cities when people try to catch the deer without harming it. Debra Fluitt, a citizen of Tulsa, Oklahoma, said, â€Å"Last year a big white-tail deer came into my very own house as I was unloading groceries. When the police tried to get it out, it destroyed over $800 worth of my belon gings and finally jumped through the window.† After the deer are captured in the city, they are taken back into an environment where food is scarce because of the over-populated deer that are already there. That deer then dies of starvation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, the white-tail deer is destroying the environment day by day. They eat crops that humans need for survival. They eat all of the food in their area, so they have to come to our crops. In fact, several years ago, authorities passed the Buck Law, which was meant to stop hunting so many deer. Thanks to such strongly restricted laws, deer populations expanded rapidly but ended by causing serious damage to crops. The Buck Law was soon useless.3 A group of farmers in North Texas stated, â€Å"Each year, we lose more and more money because of those stupid white-tail deer. We can’t keep them away from our crops.

Mintzberg †the Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning Essay

The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning by Henry Mintzberg When strategic planning arrived on the scene in the mid- ­? 1960s, corporate leaders embraced it as â€Å"the one best way† to devise and implement strategies that would enhance the competitiveness of each business unit. True to the scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor, this one best way involved separating thinking from doing and creating a new function staffed by specialists: strategic planners. Planning systems were expected to produce the best strategies as well as step- ­? by- ­? step instructions for arrying out those strategies so that the doers, the managers of businesses, could not get them wrong. As we now know, planning has not exactly worked out that way. While certainly not dead, strategic planning has long since fallen from its pedestal. But even now, few people fully understand the reason: strategic planning is not strategic thinking. Indeed, strategic planning often spoils strategic thinking, causing managers to confuse real vision with the manipulation of numbers. And this confusion lies at the heart of the issue: the most successful strategies are visions, not plans. Strategic planning, as it has een practiced, has really been strategic programming, the articulation and elaboration of strategies, or visions, that already exist. When companies understand the difference between planning and strategic thinking, they can get back to what the strategy- ­? making process should be: capturing what the manager learns from all sources (both the soft insights from his or her personal experiences and the experiences of others throughout the organization and the hard data from market research and the like) and then synthesizing that learning into a vision of the direction that the business should pursue. Organizations isenchanted with strategic planning should not get rid of their planners or conclude that there is no need for programming. Rather, organizations should transform the conventional planning job. Planners should make their contribution around the strategy- ­? making process rather than inside it. They should supply the formal analyses or hard data that strategic thinking requires, as long as they do it to broaden the consideration of issues rather than to discover the one right answer. They should act as catalysts who support strategy making by aiding and encouraging managers to think strategically. And, finally, they an be programmers of a strategy, helping to specify the series of concrete steps needed to carry out the vision. By redefining the planner’s job, companies will acknowledge the difference between planning and strategic thinking. Planning has always been about analysis—about breaking down a goal or set of intentions into steps, formalizing tho se steps so that they can be implemented almost automatically, and articulating the anticipated consequences or results of each step. â€Å"I favour a set of analytical techniques for developing strategy,† Michael 1 Porter, probably the most widely read writer on strategy, wrote in he Economist. The label â€Å"strategic planning† has been applied to all kinds of activities, such as going off to an informal retreat in the mountains to talk about strategy. But call that activity â€Å"planning,† let conventional planners organize it, and watch how quickly the event becomes formalized (mission statements in the morning, assessment of corporate strengths and weaknesses in the afternoon, strategies carefully articulated by 5 p. m. ). Strategic thinking, in contrast, is about synthesis.

Brain Cells Function

Speaking to your right foot will not make it stop wiggling. Asking your left arm to bend and scratch your back will not make it follow either no matter how loudly a person asks. However, right feet do stop wiggling and left arms can be made to scratch backs if one thinks and wants the limbs to stop or start moving. This is because people’s movements are not voice-activated but rather are controlled by commands coming from a person’s brain. The brain is the center or meeting place of the human nervous system. Kids Biology described the nervous system as the main power cable of the body.Through it, the brain is able to receive and send messages to all the other body parts. It can command the hand to perform certain movements while senses can tell the brain about the person’s environment and its effects on the person, such as feelings of pain and heat. Basically, the nervous system is like a built-in telephone inside the body which the brain and the rest of the body can use to tell one another what the body should do or not do. According to Kids Biology, the messages sent are in the form of electricity, similar to the email or the internet, only much, much faster.The things pushing along this electricity inside people’s bodies are called neurons. Brain Cell Online explained that neurons are one of the two kinds of cells, the tiny human particles found in the brain. The other one is the glial cell. According to Brain Cell Online, there are more than 100 billion neurons in the brain. However, there are much more glial cells as they account for 90 percent of the brain’s overall cell count. Glial cells act as the support for the neurons which, as mentioned above, are the cells responsible for passing on the messages between the brain and body in the nervous system.Neurons are not limited in the brain region alone; rather, they are found throughout the nervous system. Brain Cell Online credits neurons with storing and processing infor mation from the brain before sending the information to the right receivers, and vice versa. To perform these multiple responsibilities successfully, neurons are equipped with two special projections or cell endings called dendrites and axons. Chudler distinguishes the two as such: Dendrites bring or push nerve information to the cell body, while axons pull or take them away and pass to another cell.Thus, neurons are like chains of information; passing nerve information from one neuron to another until it reaches the brain or the designated body part. According to Chudler, the information being transferred is in the form of chemicals called neurotransmitters, which flow in and pass through neurons by small gaps called the synapse. The opening allows chemicals to move through electrons so as to make the connections for information chains possible. Chudler further explains that a synapse is composed of three parts: a presynaptic end, a postsynaptic end, and the synaptic cleft which is basically the middle part between the ends.Presynaptic ends are neurotransmitter terminals while postsynaptic ends are neurotransmitter receptor sites. An electrical impulse triggers the release of the neurotransmitters into the cleft until it finally reaches the postsynaptic end where they bind themselves with the receptor site. Chudler writes that this binding can alter cell’s excitability that is increasing or decreasing its potential to hype or intensify the cells’ actions and speed up the transmission of the messages or information being passed.Bain cells are obviously important in people’s experience of the environment. As such, problems with the functions and capabilities of one’s nervous system and all its components such as the neurons have turned into the most difficult and incurable diseases like Alzheimer’s syndrome, stroke, and epilepsy. Fortunately, there are studies evidencing the existence of the concept called neurogenesis. Accord ing to the Society of Neuroscience, neurogenesis refers to the human capability of producing new neurons which can integrate themselves to the working brain (1).This phenomenon suggests the exciting possibility of a self-healing brain—one that keeps one from forgetting and treats brain disorders. Everyone is dependent on having a fully-functioning nervous system, from the brain to the senses and to the tiny microscopic neurons for their daily living. It may be difficult to imagine, but people are able to move their bodies and remember people, objects, and events through complex and lighting-fast information transfer inside our bodies’ tiny cells. Works Cited Brain Cell. Brain Cell.2007. 16 March 2009 . Chudler, Eric. â€Å"The Synapse. † Neuroscience for Kids. University of Washington Engineered Biomaterials. 2009. 16 March 2009 . Kids Biology. Nervous System. 2009. 16 March 2009 . Society for Neuroscience. â€Å"Adult Neurogenesis. † Brain Briefings. Jun e 2007. 16 March 2009 .

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography Free Online Research Papers Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the most influential leaders of the Nineteenth Century Feminist movement, was one of the most famous women of her day and a seemingly tireless force in reform. Her very beginnings as a young girl growing up in Johnstown, New York contributed to this endless sense of determination. Fortunate to be born into an affluent political family, her horizons were forever broadened by the vast amount of subjects she was able to study independently in her family’s home and at a women’s seminary. Furthermore, her encounters with fugitive slaves and the Quaker movement forever changed her life. Even after her marriage to abolitionist Henry Stanton, and raising 7 children, she was still very much involved in the fight for the rights of not only women, but of slaves and of the poor. Her meeting with fellow suffragette Susan B. Anthony sealed her fate, and the two women became the best of friends and worked together closely for the next 50 years. The history of our country has, in part, been one of struggle to achieve justice and rights for all Americans. Stanton worked along with her fellow suffragettes to obtain justice and rights for women, not only in public life, but within the home is well. Interestingly enough, Stanton not only strove for equality for her gender but for the ending of slavery as well. Upon further reading, I found that many of the sympathetic abolitionists in Stanton’s day, were strangely enough, quite ignorant of the same injustices that women faced. Stanton wrote in her autobiography, â€Å"Eighty Years and More,† â€Å"It struck me as very remarkable that abolitionists, who felt so keenly the wrongs of the slave, should be so oblivious to the equal wrongs of their own mothers, wives, and sisters, when, according to the common law, both classes occupied a similar legal status.† These ‘wrongs’ covered more than not being allowed to vote. Women were limited in many aspects of their lives, including . They were not allowed to hold property in their name, obtain a divorce, could neither buy nor sell, no right to their own earnings, make contracts or own anything, and had no right to even their own children. In her writings and speeches, she even went as far as to compare the plight of the ‘Negro’ with that of the ‘woman† in her Address to the New York State Legislature in 1860. What interested me immensely is that Stanton pointed to the Bible as the primary source of the many injustices that her gender and African Americans faced. Ms. Stanton held that suffrage for women would be pointless if religion still controlled their sex in the home and in society. She wrote, â€Å"When women understand that governments and religions are human inventions; that bibles, prayer-books, catechisms, and encyclical letters are all emanations from the brains of man, they will no longer be oppressed by the injunctions that come to them with the divine authority of ‘Thus sayeth the Lord.’† Stanton found the Bible so archaic and irrelative to her time, that she and a group of other women went to the point of writing her own Bible, â€Å"The Woman’s Bible,† which of course, had the effect of starting a great controversy of sorts among her own supporters. She stated that both Paul and Jesus Christ, two of the main figures of the New Testament were both celibate and unmarried, and â€Å"condemned marriage by both precept and example.† Another aspect of Stanton’s views that piqued my interest and was is her implication that the ‘white male’ has been overburdened or more specifically, over ‘granted’ too many rights. I agree with her in the aspect that man should not be able to determine the fates of anyone but themselves. She also held true that woman as a gender had never asked or begged of man to represent them and hold control over their lives, and that women were indeed self-supplicant and could show evidence of such if given a chance. Though Stanton worked a very ‘behind the scenes role’ she was able to still play a vital role in the women’s rights movement, and penned many of the documents and writings that Anthony delivered. Stanton, along with others, was able to bring to fruition the first woman’s rights convention in the United States, co-authored the Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States, but unfortunately, never lived to see her life’s mission fully achieved. The woman’s right to vote was instituted into this country’s constitution some 10 – 20 odd years after she passed away. However, her efforts were not in vain, and she is still seen as one of the most influential people in the long and weary road towards equal rights for women not0. only in the United States, but also all over the world. Research Papers on Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

10 Top Companies Hiring Part-Time Workers Right Now

10 Top Companies Hiring Part-Time Workers Right Now Looking for a part-time job? Summer is coming, school is out, and you need a gig to earn money and fill your summer days. Here are 10 of the top companies hiring the most part-time workers to their books at the moment. 1. The Vitamin ShoppeThis company boasts happy employees, salaries above average, and progressive policies and benefits, and has a focus on customer service rather than sales numbers. The Vitamin Shoppe has nearly 2,000 part-time openings.2. ChipotleThis gig comes with a flexible schedule, a laid-back atmosphere, and decent food (organic meats!). With over 1,500 restaurants in 45 states, this â€Å"fast casual† spot has over 1,400 part-time openings at present.3. Bayada Home Health CareProviding one-on-one nursing and other health care in 25 states, this company has over 1,100 part-time openings and tons of satisfied employees.4. UPSDelivering 15 million packages per day and employing hundreds of thousands in the United States and globally, this company boasts o ver 1,000 part-time openings and a challenging, interesting work environment.5. Liberty Tax ServicesWith a whopping 5,114 part-time openings, this company helps low-income employees and small businesses with thousands of branches around the world. Also good job security and generally positive employee reviews.6. Macy’sWith over 3,000 part-time openings and branches all over the country, this retail giant also hires seasonal employees that can occasionally transition into full-time work.7. MarketSource JobsWith an HQ in Georgia and nearly 3,000 part-time openings to assist companies with marketing strategy, training, and sales, this kind of job would be great for you if you were suited to sales in general: i.e. you’re personable, upbeat, and have a can-do attitude.8. United Health GroupWork in health insurance, which can help you transition into jobs in accounting or business or economics. There are more than  1,200 part-time openings, and according to employees, ther e’s a great  work-life balance.9. Vector MarketingLove knives? Great at sales? This company is owned by Cutco, famous for great cutlery. They have more than 1,900 part-time openings. Deal closers apply!10. FirestoneThis company isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. It’s one of the oldest American tire/repair companies and has more than 1,600 locations nationwide. Employees report good camaraderie and higher-than-average compensation. More 1,000 part-time openings await!

High speed pursuits and the risks and liability officers take while in Research Paper

High speed pursuits and the risks and liability officers take while in pursuit - Research Paper Example Falling prey to this act are the innocent drivers and pedestrians who have nothing to do with the scene. Researches tell us that in USA about 350 people lose their lives every year as a result of police pursuits. According to other researches 2,500 get killed and 55,000 are injured per year. There has always been a serious debate on whether chasing should be done for every crime or just for the very serious ones. Because no matter how hard they try to drive safely, lives are taken. Several researches have been made to analyze how serious the result of pursuits is in light of the number of lives taken, and how often it occurs. According to a research conducted between 1994 and 2002, it has been found out that in these 8 years 2,654 deadly crashes had occurred involving 3,965 vehicles in which 3,146 people were critically injured. Out of these people 1,088 of them were not even in the vehicle, meaning they were innocent. So this research can be concluded by saying that the deaths by accident, over those 8 years were 1,088; an average of 121 people per year. This gets even more disturbing when the police are chasing for a person who hasn’t done anything violent and someone is killed because of it. Before this act police should realize if it is more important to chase after the guilty, or to save several souls. They should not forget that there are certain other ways to chase, one of which is by helicopters. Besides that, stop sticks are used by officers for this cause. This stripped diffuses a certain amount of air from the suspects tire. In this way, officers can wait for the suspect’s vehicle to slow down and then easily catch them. This method is used by a lot of agencies, like departments in Cincinnati, Ohio, Ohio State Highway Patrol, the Utah Highway Patrol, and the Pennsylvania State Police to increase effectiveness and reduce the risks of accidents. Despite all the risks and the rate of accidents,

Paper #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Paper #4 - Essay Example He deplores the fact that his mother should have remarried barely two months after the death of her first husband. This soliloquy also shows Hamlet’s meditative nature. It also reveals his filial attachment to his dead father to whom he speaks highly, and his scorn of his uncle to whom he refers in disparaging terms. His references to Hyperion, Niobe and Hercules show him to be well versed in classical literature. His generalizing tendency is also explicable when he says, By the above mentioned quote, Hamlet also blames his mother to be frail and not loyal to his father as she marries with his uncle with haste. The soliloquy as a whole also reveals that Hamlet presented an artificial dialogue before the court and his uncle when he was in the court as the soliloquy is contrasted to his words. Hamlet through this soliloquy expresses his grief and sadness over the demise of his father whom he regards as an appreciative and amicable personality. He also shows in depth love for his father. Hamlet regards that his mother has not felt any pain and torment because of her husband’s demise and has married as soon as she could. He thinks that her tears were â€Å"unrighteous†. Hamlet not only regards his mother’s marriage as a sign of her fragility and weakness but also considers it as incest as he says:   This soliloquy and the feelings expressed in it are indicative of Hamlet’s sorrow and depression that are there because of his mother’s marriage with Claudius. Hamlet also expresses profound love and respect for his father but his mother has degraded herself in the eyes of his son by her act of marriage. Hamlet’s shown sorrow and attitude can be applied on general human feelings and attitudes. Anyone can be sorrowful and sad on such state of affairs. For example, there is a child whose father is dead and his mother marries another man only after a short time of her husband’s death, the child would be badly depressed because of her mother’s act.

Review phone lines not in use. will terminate them in oreder to save Essay

Review phone lines not in use. will terminate them in oreder to save the HQ money - Essay Example We've formulated the results of some unused telephone lines in the form of a list for our cherished customers’ perusal. We request you to please look up the attached appendix 1 and see if any of the phone numbers listed in it belong to you. The phone numbers listed in this appendix are subject to being terminated after a period of 15 days from now. Kindly notify us within a week of receiving this letter if any of the numbers belong to you. This would save them from being terminated uselessly. You can call us directly at our toll free number 1-800-OFFICES or you can e-mail us directly at support@hq.com to notify us. Effective after two weeks, this act of terminating unused telephone line connections would save HQ approximately $110K per year in telephone line costs. Thanks for helping us help you. This change will increase the overall revenue of the company and would help us focus more on providing high quality services with added motivation. Have a good day! Sincerely, [Your N ame] Services Manager HQ. Note: Appendix 1 attached overleaf. APPENDIX # 1. LIST OF UNUSED TELEPHONE NUMBERS. 1. (505)987-1123 2. (541)123-7786 3. (860)760-0098 4. (925)888-6543 5. (262)432-2234 6. (907)876-5511 7. (319)887-9987 8. (985)112-3123 9.

Reducing Occupational Stress in Air Traffic Control

Reducing Occupational Stress in Air Traffic Control Recommendations and Conclusions Introduction In this chapter, the researcher has formulated a set of recommendations based on data found in the finding and analysis chapter in line with the objectives of the dissertation to help in reducing occupational stress in air traffic control. Improving job planning and reliability of the work systems According to Glovanni Coasta (1995), from the past technical means to present support, under full radar coverage of air space, is the key factor which allows a â€Å"jump in quality†, not just in terms of work competence, but likewise in terms of stress levels, by decreasing cognitive, memory and communicative loads along with uncertainty and unforeseeability of the situations. The more technological passage to function under â€Å"multi-radar† assistance permits an additional rise in levels of reliability and safety as well as a reduction in stress levels. These improvements allow for well planning of air traffic and, subsequently, a more balanced workload among individual ATCs. These improvements may also subsequently reduce the possibility or the seriousness of many unforeseen situations, by allowing for more reliable information and more time for solving problems and making decisions, while eliminating many stressful and risky traffic peaks. Reduction of working times and arrangement of working teams and rest pauses in relation to the workload The mental strength required maintaining the maximum level of attention and vigilance, as well as to securely and efficiently facing the duty in terms of cognitive and memory load that can differ usually in relation to air traffic concentration and connected problems. Therefore, to guarantee the best level of performance efficiency avoiding excessive mental stress and fatigue, particular attention has to be paid to arranging duty periods. Duty periods: The length of the duty period should not exceed ten hours (extendable to 12 hours in special circumstances), and should be adjusted according to the workload; An interval of no less than 12 hours should be scheduled between the conclusion of one period of duty and the commencement of the next period of duty; Overtime should be an exception. Breaks during operational duty: No operational duty shall exceed a period of two hours without there being taken, during or at the end of that period, a break or total break not less than 30 minutes; During periods of high traffic density, the possibility of having more frequent short breaks (ten minutes) should be provided; A sufficiently long break for meals should be allowed, providing adequate canteen facilities to assure hot and good quality meals. Arrangement of shift schedules according to psycho-physiological and social criteria Shift work, in particular night work, is a stress factor for the ATCs due to its negative effects on various aspects of their lives. This stress can be eliminated by adopting a rapidly-rotating shift system, changing work shifts every one or two days instead of every week. Moreover, reducing the number of consecutive night shifts as much as possible and having a day’s rest after the night-shift period. This prevents accumulation of sleep deficit and fatigue, and allows a quicker recovery. Delaying the beginning of the morning shift (e.g. at 07:00 or later) to allow a normal amount of sleep. Preferring the forward rotation (e.g. morning-afternoon-night) to the backward one (e.g. afternoon-morning-night) to allow a longer period of rest between shifts). Adjusting the length of shifts according to the physical and mental workload that is day shifts should be shorter, whereas night shifts could be longer if the workload is reduced and there are sleeping facilities. Improving the work environment Lighting Taking into consideration that the ATCs task is performed almost exclusively in front of a visual display unit, particular attention should be paid to providing lighting conditions which favor an optimal visual performance. Inside the towers, the opposite is the problem. It is necessary to avoid excessive illumination levels due to external bright light using both anti-reflection glass and curtains; it is also important to have the possibility of positioning and shielding the visual display units to avoid indirect glare due to bright reflections on the screen. Noise The main sources of noise are represented by conversations, manual operations (e.g. manipulations of strip supports) and office machines (printers, telephones, photocopiers, etc.). Therefore particular attention has to be paid in order to stop background noise from exceeding 45-50 dB by installing quieter office machinery, arranging work sectors in order to have better sound protection from each other, and installing more insulating headsets and more sensitive microphones. Arranging workplaces according to ergonomic criteria Workstation design It is also important to arrange the layout of the workplace in order to avoid glare caused by excessive brightness contrasts between different objects and surfaces; it causes discomfort and hampers the comprehension of the information. The displays should be shaded and the surfaces matte, avoiding the use of reflective materials and bright colors on table-tops and consoles. Data displays containing flight information should preferably be located beside the radar screen. Sitting postures A prolonged, constrained sitting posture causes muscular-skeletal discomfort and pain, particularly at the level of the neck, the shoulders and the lumbar tract. In order to avoid or alleviate such disturbances, it is important to use suitable chairs which allow a comfortable sitting posture while working, as well as useful muscle relaxation while on stand-by or resting in front of the screen. Individual ways of coping with stress First of all, people should avoid ineffective ways of coping, which can have an apparent short term positive effect but, in the long run, can cause further problems in health and well-being. We refer in particular to smoking. Increasing smoking (for smokers) is sometimes seen as a way of obtaining a sense of relief and calmness. Of course, apart from short-term relief, there are many adverse effects both on performance efficiency, due to interference with the upper nervous system activities, and on health, due to increased risk of lung tumors and chronic bronchitis from smoking. Secondly, maintaining good physical fitness and emotionally stable psychic conditions are the best aids in fighting and overcoming stress. To stay in satisfactory condition, people should pay particular attention to physical exercise, eating habits, sleeping patterns, relaxation techniques and leisure activities. Relaxation techniques are becoming more and more popular among people who feel to be under stress. Massage, yoga, meditation and autogenous training are all useful exercises which help to control restlessness, anxiety, muscular tension, inability to concentrate, insomnia and other symptoms of stress. Training The aim of training is at teaching occupational and particular coping strategies in order to improve the capacity of event appraisal and problem solving, so that ATCs learn how to cope with emotional effects of stressful events and improve the capacity of control. Air traffic controllers should be trained to develop action-oriented and problem-focused coping abilities. Positive acceptance and reappraisal of stress situations, active coping, seeking to social support for instrumental and emotional reasons must be strengthened, while inclination towards restraint coping, behavioural and mental disengagement should be restricted. Conclusion Air traffic controllers are the working groups having to deal with very stressful and tough job and are widely recognized as an occupational group which has to cope with a highly demanding job that involves a complex series of tasks, requiring high levels of knowledge and expertise, combined with high levels of responsibility. According to this research, it can be seen that most of air traffic controllers rate the level of stress as extreme. Moreover, this level of stress is caused due to several factors such as duration of break that the controllers have, the shift hours they usually worked and the workload. Stress can be due to conflict arising from workplace and private life also. According to survey, 63% of air traffic controllers have conflict arising from workplace and private life. 50% of controllers agreed that stress is caused due to their nature of the job and responsibilities. Air traffic controllers must be trained to have high stress resistance and must be able to take best decision in difficult condition and on behalf of the pilot. Training should be given in order to improve the capacity of event appraisal and problem solving, so that ATCs learn how to cope with emotional effects of stressful events and improve the capacity of control. Moreover, it is important to have a stress management system in place in the work place to help controllers deal with suffering a loss of separation incident or accident. Reference: Professor Glovanni Coasta (1995). Occupational stress and prevention in air traffic control. Institute of Occupational Medicine: University of Verona.

The Fate of The Donner Party Essay -- American History, Cannibalism Th

Desperate times call for desperate measures. This advice has been used as a way to justify questionable actions in times of despair for many years. Following the advice, the Donner Party did whatever they could to survive. Stuck in a snowstorm, the group is believed to have reverted back to animalistic ways, and devoured each other to survive. While no one knows the truth of that fateful winter, many agree that cannibalism was their main form of survival. Though the Donner Party’s travels were not well documented and many details remain controversial, it is evident that they resorted to cannibalism to survive. During their western voyage, the group notoriously known as the â€Å"Donner Party† inevitably became trapped in a snowstorm in the winter of 1846 and 1847. Originally, the group set out for California in search of new opportunities. Figure 1 shows the path that the party followed to arrive in their set destination. After departing from Springfield, Illinois, the Donner’s first stop was in Independence, Missouri where they joined the rest of their traveling companions. The party had then planned on arriving at Fort Bridger to join another expedition, but they were too late and the expedition left without them (Johnson, 1). They left from Fort Bridger on July 31, 1846 using their own navigation skills in hopes of landing at their destination (Diamond, 2). When an unfortunate snowstorm hit, the group was left stranded. To make matters worse, they were split up between Truckee Lake and Alder Creek. They struggled during this time for they had few supplies and a limited fo od source. Of the 81 person party, only 45 survived the horrendous conditions (Johnson, 1). That number of casualties may seem fairly typical based on the condit... ... alone is irrational let alone poor reasoning to enforce the disagreement. They did most likely consume wild animals but were in no way dependent on them. Out of desperation, the Donner Party had to have resorted to cannibalism. The Donner Party experienced harsh measures and had to come to extremely important decisions regarding survival. Many still deny the possibility that the party resorted to cannibalism in spite of a serious lack of proof and virtually no records of the events stating otherwise. On the other hand, many just â€Å"want to tell the story of their life over those final months, not just of cannibalism. [They] wasn’t to restore the humanity to the members of that party – and to their descendants† (Bailey, 1). Despite such controversy, the party has ultimately been linked to cannibalism, and based on the events, that is most obviously what occurred.

Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci

Leonardo was a man of many different talents; among those talents were polymath, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, inventor, engineer, writer, geologist, anatomist, cartographer, anatomist, and botanist. Leonardo was primarily known for his painting (Mona Lisa, the last supper, Vitamins Man), and his fascinating inventions (Helicopter, tank, flying Machine, Viola Organists) which I will be talking about in depth in my research paper. First study science, and then follow with practice based on science†¦..The painter who draws by practice and judgment of the eye without the use of reason is like the mirror the reproduces within itself all the objects which are set opposite to it without knowledge of the same†¦. The youth ought first to learn perspective, then the proportions of everything, then he should learn from the hand off good master. Leonardo Dad Vinci The Renaissance marked the transition point from the middle ages to the modern world. Young Leonardo Did Seer Piper Dad Vince received his education of Painter, sculptor, and engineering in Florence in the early sass.In a time when coming with a new approach toward science was considered a direct insult or challenge to the church, Leonardo managed to project his new finding of science, Mathematics formulas, and logical reasoning without creating a new reform of cultural beliefs. Among his reaction we can find what is considered to be an early predecessor of today's helicopter. Between 1480 and 1493 Leonardo Dad Vinci designed what is known today as the â€Å"Aerial Screw' or also known as the â€Å"Helical Air Screw'.Leonardo Helical Air Screw measure approximately fifteen feet across and the material used to build it were reed, linen, and wire. The main power proportion came from four men that were standing in the middle of the craft rotating different pedals in order to rotate the screw like shaft (See figure L-1). Leonardo was a very methodical reader and writer. He often read books that interest him with pen on hand. He was so critical of himself that he used to describe his though in writing, and draw them most of the time in order to retrace his thinking.In the old time it was common for inventors to read others innovators ideas in order to create new ones or reproduce the same invention with improvements. One of those creations was the Leonardo â€Å"Assault Vehicle†. After researching Roberto Evaluator's â€Å"De re military', Leonardo Dad Vinci went ahead and created the Assault Vehicle with a technology that was unheard of at the time. Due to the lack of funds and the war at the Apennines Peninsula Leonardo had o restrain his master creation to Just a blueprint.The Assault Vehicle had an upside- down cone shape with four wheels at the bottom, and a crankshaft for propulsion. Been that Leonardo was so critical of his own invention, he decided to make improvement to his own invention at a later time. One of those improvements was the vehicle self-propulsion. Leonardo achieved this improvement by creating a spring-power system (As the Motor), and an innovated differential transmission system. (L-2 Picture of Assault Vehicle) Another area in which Leonardo Dad Vinci broke new ground was painting.But to his misfortune in life by 1514 most of his paintings were not completed due to lack of commissions and Italian's wars. One of those paintings happened to be the â€Å"Mona Lisa† or â€Å"La Cocooned† a 16th century oil painting portray of â€Å"Lisa did Antonio Maria Grenadine† which in today's expert opinion it is one of the most impossible to comprehend painting in the history of art. Leonardo started to paint the Mona Lisa in 1503 under the commission of Francesco did Bartholomew did Zinnia del Giaconda and finished nil 519 shortly before he died.By 1511 Leonardo had to migrate under the Melee family protection to Vapor where he sided and produced magnificent creation of arts for two years in order to repay the Melee family hospitality. While at Vapor Leonardo continued to develop his new projects and improving his paintings knowing that sooner or later he will have to find a more suitable patron in order to be able to finance his work. The solution to financial impasse came in February 1 513 in the hand of Giovanni De' Medici, the younger descendent of Lorenz IL Magnificent. With the death of Pope Julius II in Rome and Giovanni asserted to papacy under the name of Pope Leo X.Giuliani De' Medici rather of Pope Leo X and by them commander of the papal army, invited Leonardo to Rome for his knowledge of art and military technology. The invitation to Rome by Giuliani De' Medici was the opportunity that Leonardo Dad Vinci was waiting for. Unlimited commissions, immeasurable social status, and a very power full patron. What else? By September 1513 Leonardo relocated himself back to Rome where he was accommodated in the Vatican luxury Belvedere villas together with all his painting including some half stages such us the Lead, the Mona Lisa, and the Saint Anne. Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Leonardo was a man of many different talents; among those talents were polymath, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, inventor, engineer, writer, geologist, anatomist, cartographer, anatomist, and botanist. Leonardo was primarily known for his painting (Mona Lisa, the last supper, Vitamins Man), and his fascinating inventions (Helicopter, tank, flying Machine, Viola Organists) which I will be talking about in depth in my research paper. First study science, and then follow with practice based on science†¦..The painter who draws by practice and judgment of the eye without the use of reason is like the mirror the reproduces within itself all the objects which are set opposite to it without knowledge of the same†¦. The youth ought first to learn perspective, then the proportions of everything, then he should learn from the hand off good master. Leonardo Dad Vinci The Renaissance marked the transition point from the middle ages to the modern world. Young Leonardo Did Seer Piper Dad Vince received his education of Painter, sculptor, and engineering in Florence in the early sass.In a time when coming with a new approach toward science was considered a direct insult or challenge to the church, Leonardo managed to project his new finding of science, Mathematics formulas, and logical reasoning without creating a new reform of cultural beliefs. Among his reaction we can find what is considered to be an early predecessor of today's helicopter. Between 1480 and 1493 Leonardo Dad Vinci designed what is known today as the â€Å"Aerial Screw' or also known as the â€Å"Helical Air Screw'.Leonardo Helical Air Screw measure approximately fifteen feet across and the material used to build it were reed, linen, and wire. The main power proportion came from four men that were standing in the middle of the craft rotating different pedals in order to rotate the screw like shaft (See figure L-1). Leonardo was a very methodical reader and writer. He often read books that interest him with pen on hand. He was so critical of himself that he used to describe his though in writing, and draw them most of the time in order to retrace his thinking.In the old time it was common for inventors to read others innovators ideas in order to create new ones or reproduce the same invention with improvements. One of those creations was the Leonardo â€Å"Assault Vehicle†. After researching Roberto Evaluator's â€Å"De re military', Leonardo Dad Vinci went ahead and created the Assault Vehicle with a technology that was unheard of at the time. Due to the lack of funds and the war at the Apennines Peninsula Leonardo had o restrain his master creation to Just a blueprint.The Assault Vehicle had an upside- down cone shape with four wheels at the bottom, and a crankshaft for propulsion. Been that Leonardo was so critical of his own invention, he decided to make improvement to his own invention at a later time. One of those improvements was the vehicle self-propulsion. Leonardo achieved this improvement by creating a spring-power system (As the Motor), and an innovated differential transmission system. (L-2 Picture of Assault Vehicle) Another area in which Leonardo Dad Vinci broke new ground was painting.But to his misfortune in life by 1514 most of his paintings were not completed due to lack of commissions and Italian's wars. One of those paintings happened to be the â€Å"Mona Lisa† or â€Å"La Cocooned† a 16th century oil painting portray of â€Å"Lisa did Antonio Maria Grenadine† which in today's expert opinion it is one of the most impossible to comprehend painting in the history of art. Leonardo started to paint the Mona Lisa in 1503 under the commission of Francesco did Bartholomew did Zinnia del Giaconda and finished nil 519 shortly before he died.By 1511 Leonardo had to migrate under the Melee family protection to Vapor where he sided and produced magnificent creation of arts for two years in order to repay the Melee family hospitality. While at Vapor Leonardo continued to develop his new projects and improving his paintings knowing that sooner or later he will have to find a more suitable patron in order to be able to finance his work. The solution to financial impasse came in February 1 513 in the hand of Giovanni De' Medici, the younger descendent of Lorenz IL Magnificent. With the death of Pope Julius II in Rome and Giovanni asserted to papacy under the name of Pope Leo X.Giuliani De' Medici rather of Pope Leo X and by them commander of the papal army, invited Leonardo to Rome for his knowledge of art and military technology. The invitation to Rome by Giuliani De' Medici was the opportunity that Leonardo Dad Vinci was waiting for. Unlimited commissions, immeasurable social status, and a very power full patron. What else? By September 1513 Leonardo relocated himself back to Rome where he was accommodated in the Vatican luxury Belvedere villas together with all his painting including some half stages such us the Lead, the Mona Lisa, and the Saint Anne.